Oceanography is quite literally the study of oceans. However, this very broad definition leaves out many of the most interesting details about this fascinating field of marine science.
The study of oceans involves all aspects of the marine environments on planet Earth, including physical, chemical, and biological science. Some oceanographers study only the physical traits of the world's oceans such as tides, currents, and gyres. These scientists are often called "physical oceanographers". Others are more interested in chemical processes such as the differing salinities (salt content) between bays, estuaries, and the open sea. They may also study the effects of pollution and biological decay on ocean water. These scientists are often called "chemical oceanographers". Still others study life in the oceans. Life in oceans can range from tiny microscopic organisms such as marine bacteria and algae, to corals, fish, and marine mammals such as whales and dolphins. These oceanographers are sometimes referred to as marine biologists.
People have looked to the planet's oceans for thousands of years with a sense of wonder and awe. Oceanography has its roots in the intrinsic human desire to learn more about the world around us. Even though the study of oceans may have started with early civilizations, oceanography is still an evolving science with many unknown mysteries. In fact, many scientists believe we only know a small fraction of the processes, organisms, and features that make up the oceans.
The jobs of oceanographers vary widely depending upon the area of specialization and the focus of study. For example, some physical oceanographers may retrieve data from satellites and buoys in the ocean without ever leaving their office or laboratory. Other oceanographers may work to collect data and specimens at sea aboard research vessels for days, weeks, or even months at a time. Oceanographers who study life in tidal pools and along shorelines may spend time in the field without the need for a research vessel. Still others may work in classrooms, laboratories, or research institutes.
Many federal government agencies employ oceanographers to help study environmental impacts, pollution, weather, commerce, and policy. Universities and research institutes also employ oceanographers to conduct research. Two of the best known research institutes in the United States are the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Woods Holes, Massachusetts and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California. Both have university affiliations and carry out high-level scientific research on oceans. Private companies who offer environmental consulting services also sometimes employ oceanographers.
If you are interested in pursuing a career in oceanography, a strong background in science, math and writing is recommended. Career positions are highly competitive and often require both undergraduate and graduate degrees related to marine science.
To learn more about oceanography, oceanography news, ocean facts, and careers in oceanography, you can visit http://www.oceanographynews.net.
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